1. Polyacrylamide (PAM) tsis raug cais raws li kev tshuaj xyuas raws li Chemical Weapons Convention; nws yog ib puag ncig tsis muaj teeb meem thiab nthuav tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg heev rau tib neeg lub cev.
2. US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suav tias PAM thiab nws cov hydrolysates yog cov tshuaj toxicity tsawg lossis tsis yog- lom.
3. Cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm PAM feem ntau yog los ntawm cov residual acrylamide monomers thiab cov hlau toxicity uas tej zaum yuav entrained thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.
4. Acrylamide yog ib qho neurotoxin uas tuaj yeem ua rau puas tsuaj rau lub paj hlwb; Cov tsos mob ntawm kev lom muaj xws li cov leeg tsis muaj zog thiab lub cev muaj zog tsis sib haum xeeb.
5. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau tsim cov kev cai hais txog cov qib tso cai ntawm cov khoom seem acrylamide hauv cov khoom lag luam polyacrylamide, feem ntau yog li ntawm 0.5% txog 0.05%.
6. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem dej purification, cov ntsiab lus acrylamide seem feem ntau yuav tsum tau qis dua 0.2%; rau kev kho cov dej haus ncaj qha, qhov kev txwv no tau teeb tsa qis dua, tsawg dua 0.05%.
7. Cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov koom haum saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv thoob ntiaj teb hauv xyoo 1985 qhia tias thaum cov ntsiab lus acrylamide monomer (AM) seem hauv PAM raug tswj kom qis dua 0.05%- thiab cov tshuaj tau raug tswj kom tsim nyog- qhov concentration hauv cov dej kho yuav nyob qis dua 0.25 ug/L, yog li ua tau raws li cov qauv dej haus feem ntau.
8. Tam sim no, cov teb chaws loj hauv Europe thiab North America feem ntau txiav txim siab tias cov ntsiab lus AM seem hauv PAM siv rau kev kho dej haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus-cov ntawv thov cuam tshuam yuav tsum qis dua 0.05%, ntxiv rau qhov yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis ntawm cov tshuaj PAM siv.
9. Qhov xwm txheej hais txog cationic PAM yog qhov nyuaj dua, vim tias cov amino-raws li thiab lwm pab pawg ua haujlwm tau qhia rau hauv nws cov qauv tuaj yeem pom muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li cov uas pom hauv anionic lossis tsis yog -ionic variants; nws qhov mob toxicity tseem yog qhov kev tshawb fawb tsis tu ncua.
10. Rau flocculants siv hauv kev kho dej haus, kev siv cov khoom noj khoom haus - qib yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom muaj kev nyab xeeb.
11. * Phau Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Siv Dej thiab Kev Siv Dej thiab Cov Dej Dej thiab Cov Kev Qhia Tshwj Xeeb * qhia meej meej tias, rau cov ntawv thov polyacrylamide, cov concentration siv yuav tsum tshaj 0.1 mg/L thaum tsis tshua siv, whereas nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm qis dua 0.1 mg/L piv txwv ntawm nquag siv los yog tsis tu ncua.
12. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv polyacrylamide raws li ib tug flocculant pab nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem kev kho dej, cov txheej txheem aforementioned no tej zaum yuav raug saws raws li lub siab tshaj plaws tso cai ntau npaum; Tsis tas li ntawd, kev xaiv cov zaub mov- qib PAM cov khoom uas muaj cov seem seem qis ua haujlwm los lav kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov dej haus uas tsim tawm.
13. Piv txwv li, ib qho chaw kho dej siv PAM ua ib qho kev pabcuam coagulation; nrog rau qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm 0.09 mg/L-siv cov zaub mov- cov khoom qib- tsis pom acrylamide monomers nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si lim effluent los yog cov kais dej tiav lawm tawm hauv cov nroj tsuag.
14. Muab hais tias cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab qib ntau npaum li cas tau raug tswj kom raug, kev siv PAM- cov txheej txheem coagulation muaj kev nyab xeeb los ntawm kev saib xyuas dej haus.
15. Nws tau cia siab tias, vim tias qhov teeb meem ntawm dej tsis txaus vim dej tsis zoo tau dhau los ua qhov dav dua thiab cov kev cia siab ntawm pej xeem txog kev haus dej kom zoo, kev siv PAM-raws li cov khoom organic hauv kuv lub teb chaws txoj kev kho dej yuav maj mam nthuav.
16. Nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1997 thiab 1999, ib lub tuam txhab muab dej tshwj xeeb pom nws cov PAM noj nce li yim npaug; Tus naj npawb ntawm cov nroj tsuag kho dej siv cov khoom lag luam tau nce los ntawm ib mus rau rau, nrog rau kev siv cov coagulation, kev pab coagulation, thiab kev pab pom.
17. Dosing PAM ntawm qib ntawm 0.015 thiab 0.05 mg / L tuaj yeem txhim kho cov lim txaj kev ua haujlwm, txhawb nqa cov dej muaj peev xwm los ntawm 10% mus rau 16%. Txawm hais tias qhov no yuav ua rau muaj kev poob taub hau ntau ntxiv, lub sijhawm rov qab ntxuav dua, thiab rov qab siv dua, cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam ntawm kev siv PAM ua cov pab cuam lim tseem suav tias yog tus nqi - zoo.
18. Kev siv PAM raws li kev lim dej pab tiv thaiv algae los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv lub txaj lim thiab, thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, ua kom cov dej lim tau zoo.
19. Daim ntawv thov ntawm polyacrylamide-raws li cov khoom siv organic hauv kev kho dej yog tau txais kev lees paub ntawm cov chaw lag luam dej, vim lawv cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txhim kho flocculation, txhim kho kev pom zoo, txhim kho cov dej zoo, ua kom cov dej tso tawm, thiab txo cov nqi.
20. Kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev txhim kho hais txog kev siv PAM hauv kev kho dej haus yog ua tsis tu ncua, thiab cov kev cia siab rau nws txoj kev siv yav tom ntej tseem zoo siab.
21. Polyacrylamide cov khoom lawv tus kheej yog cov tsis muaj - tshuaj lom; Thaum nkag mus rau tib neeg lub cev, feem coob yog tawm sai sai nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm luv luv, nrog tsawg heev absorbed los ntawm digestive ib ntsuj av.
22. Cov khoom lag luam PAM feem ntau tsis ua rau tawv nqaij; thaum qee yam hydrolyzed variants yuav muaj cov alkalinity seem- uas tuaj yeem ua rau khaus thaum rov sib cuag lossis ntev dua - cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum tsis txhob txhawj xeeb txog qhov muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai thaum tuav.
